The Belgian Shepherd Sheepdog breed
The Belgian Sheepdog, a medium to large sized herding breed originating from Belgium, is distinguished by its pointed ears, long snout, graceful posture, and a dense double coat of coarse black fur. These dogs epitomize the diligent livestock dog, known for their remarkable trainability and exceptional intelligence.
Four different varieties have been determined:
Malinois, Groenendael, Tervueren and Laekenois
While they were initially bred to perform specific tasks, they possess a sensitive and gentle temperament that yearns for human companionship, making them ideal for families.
Referred to as “bright-eyed and bushy-tailed” due to their strong-willed nature, Belgian Sheepdogs are exceedingly loyal and dedicated workaholics who constantly strive to please. They wholeheartedly commit to any activity, whether it’s farm work or playing in the yard with their beloved human family.
Notable Traits of the Belgian Shepherd
Belgian Sheepdogs are characterized by their eagerness and athleticism, requiring substantial daily exercise. They are well-suited for active families who plan to engage them in outdoor activities like hikes, bike rides, runs, and various adventures. These dogs exhibit affectionate and protective behavior, especially towards children. While they get along with other pets, their herding instincts may lead them to shepherd smaller animals or youngsters, although their high intelligence ensures rapid learning of appropriate behaviors with proper guidance from their owners.
Historical Background of the Belgian Sheepdog
Belgium’s terrain and climate provided an ideal environment for livestock and dairy farming, and herding dogs were an integral part of farm life. There were once eight distinctive shepherd dog varieties in Belgium, officially classified in the 1890s. Today, the remaining breeds include the Belgian Sheepdog (also known as Groenendael or Chien de Berger Belge), Tervuren, Malinois, and Laekenois. These breeds share a similar physical structure but vary in terms of coat texture, color, and length.
The Belgian Sheepdog, also known as the Groenendael, was named after a prominent breeder named Nicolas Rose, who ran a restaurant called the Chateau Groenendael near Brussels. It is believed that Rose purchased the foundational couple that initiated the breed.
In the late 1800s, efforts were made to cultivate a Belgian dog breed for nationalistic reasons, leading to the formation of the Club du Chien de Berger Belge, or Belgian Shepherd Club, which played a significant role in developing the Belgian Sheepdog.
By the early 20th century, Belgian Sheepdogs gained recognition beyond Belgium for their versatility and diligent work ethic. They served as police dogs in cities like Paris and New York, assisting customs agents in identifying smugglers. During World War I and World War II, they were employed as ambulance dogs, messengers, and haulers of heavy artillery.
The Belgian Sheepdog Club of America was established in 1949, and since then, Belgian Sheepdogs have served as police and service dogs, participated in dog shows, and conducted search-and-rescue operations. They have also earned a reputation as loving and loyal family pets.
Caring for Belgian Sheepdogs
Belgian Sheepdogs are typically easy to train but require substantial daily exercise to match their high energy levels. Owners should also be prepared for regular grooming and two annual shedding seasons.
Exercise
Belgian Sheepdogs need up to two hours of exercise daily, as they are not inclined to lounge around the house. They are alert, active dogs that thrive when they have a purpose or task to accomplish. These dogs enjoy spending time with their human family, so it’s essential for owners to engage in physical activities with them.
Rather than leaving them unattended in the backyard, interactive activities such as fetch or learning new tricks provide physical and mental stimulation. Belgian Sheepdogs are not suitable for households where they would be left alone for extended periods, as boredom may lead to destructive behavior or separation anxiety.
It’s important to ensure their safety by keeping them on a leash during walks and having secure fences to prevent them from chasing or herding animals, joggers, cyclists, or even cars.
Grooming
Maintaining the Belgian Sheepdog’s double coat, consisting of a dense undercoat and a coarser outer coat, is less demanding than one might expect. However, they undergo heavy shedding seasons once or twice a year, requiring daily brushing to remove excess fur. Weekly brushings are adequate during the rest of the year, along with occasional baths. Routine nail trimming, teeth brushing, and ear cleaning are necessary for their overall health and comfort.
Training
Initiating training from an early age and maintaining it throughout the dog’s life is crucial for Belgian Sheepdogs. Basic obedience training can commence as early as eight weeks of age, with positive reinforcement and consistency being key. Harsh training methods should be avoided, as they can conflict with the dog’s sensitive nature and strong-willed disposition.
Due to their high intelligence, these dogs excel in advanced training activities like agility sports, obedience competitions, tracking, and herding. They thrive on positive and enjoyable training experiences, which should involve rewards like treats and affection for desired behaviors.
Common Health Concerns
Belgian Sheepdogs are generally robust and healthy, yet they may be susceptible to some inherited medical conditions. Responsible breeders emphasize high standards and conduct parent dog tests before breeding. Belgian Sheepdogs are known to be sensitive to anesthesia, so caution is advised for any potential surgical procedures.
Common health issues associated with Belgian Sheepdogs include:
- Elbow and Hip Dysplasia
These conditions involve the malformation of joint structures and can require surgery for severe cases to ensure the dog’s comfort - Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): Affecting the retina and leading to eventual blindness, PRA is a condition that can develop in Belgian Sheepdogs
- Cataracts
Like humans, dogs can develop cataracts that appear as cloudy spots on the eyes and impair vision. In some cases, veterinarians may recommend cataract removal surgery - Epilepsy
This neurological condition can cause seizures in dogs, and mild to moderate cases are often treated with medication
Diet and Nutrition
Belgian Sheepdogs thrive on a diet of high-quality dog food, whether commercially manufactured or prepared under the supervision of a veterinarian. Fresh, clean water should always be available for this active breed. Since they are highly active, they are less prone to obesity than other breeds, but owners should be cautious with treats if they notice their dog gaining excess weight. Consulting with a veterinarian to establish a healthy meal plan based on the dog’s age, weight, and activity level is recommended.